Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is one of the world’s most widely used thermoplastics, accounting for nearly 20% of global polymer demand. PVC plastic offers a balance of strength, flame resistance, chemical durability, and affordability, which explains its use in construction, healthcare, electrical systems, and consumer goods. The adaptability of PVC comes from its ability to be …
Bearings are essential machine components that support shafts, reduce friction, and make rotational or linear motion smoother and more reliable. Bearings can be found in almost every kind of equipment, from small household devices to large industrial machinery. Each type of bearing has unique design features that make the component suitable for specific loads, speeds, …
In many mechanical systems, engineers face the challenge of metal parts seizing or locking together during service. This sudden failure is not caused by fracture or corrosion but by a specific adhesive wear phenomenon known as galling. Galling has been reported in industries from aerospace fasteners to oilfield bearings, leading to expensive downtime and component …
Steel is not a single material but a family of alloys built around iron and carbon. The performance of steel changes dramatically with adjustments to carbon percentage and the addition of other alloying elements. For engineers, two categories appear most frequently in design and production: carbon steel and alloy steel.
Questions like “what is carbon …
Aluminum has become one of the most widely applied materials in modern manufacturing. Lightweight structure, corrosion resistance, and excellent machinability make aluminum suitable for industries ranging from aerospace to medical technology. A natural oxide film forms on untreated aluminum, but this film lacks uniform thickness and limited durability. Anodizing provides a controlled method to create …
